Peptic ulcer disease is a healthcare issue globally which requires multiple and interdisciplinary approach to reduce prevalence and morbidity. H. Pylori and NSAID are usually associated to peptic ulcers. Several approaches are often employed including herbal remedies in peptic ulcer diseases but surgical intervention cannot be ruled out in the disease burden management and control. This is a case report on a middle-aged man with a perforated viscus and avid background of smoking and alcohol abuse which were contributory to his acute presentation of abdominal pain secondary to perforated peptic ulcer disease in a Hospital in Jamaica. Though, general approach was employed, the surgical intervention during emergency stabilized the patient leading to recovery. Therefore the Surgeons and healthcare practitioners should employ the surgical approach and possibly advance care through surgical techniques and innovation to provide optimal outcomes in managing peptic ulcer diseases from tertiary to primary healthcare facilities.

Plants and microorganisms produce secondary metabolites (SM) at different stages of their growth. Researchers have confirmed that the SM production of P. lilacinum is a potent biocontrol agent against phytonmatodes, especially Meloidogyne incognita. This research aimed to characterize and compare the LNTT A, B, C, and D with quantum chemistry. The sequencings were taken from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) electronic portal. This characterization was carried out with the "Modelo6000". As a result of genetic sequencing, we found that the LNTT A has approximately 6000 amino acids (AAs) in total. Leucine is the AA with the highest amount, comprising 610, representing 10.07%. Alanine is the second AA with the highest amount, with a total of 580, representing 9.57%. Tryptophan is the AA with the least amount, totaling 80, representing 1.32%. Cysteine is the second AA with the lowest amount, totaling 84 in total, representing 1.39%. We conclude that in LNTT A, B, and C, the AAs that are present in the most significant amount are leucine and alanine. Tryptophan and cysteine are the AAs that occur in the least amount in LNTT A, B, C and D. The AAs that appear most in the LNTT D are valine, leucine, and glutamic acid.

Surgical safety checklist aims to help minimize surgical errors to reduce the incidence of errors and unexpected events, and improve teamwork and communication in operations. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence adherence to the implementation of the surgical safety checklist. This research is a mixed methods conducted at the Karanganyar District General Hospital. The sample in this study consisted of surgeons, anesthesiologists, surgical nurses and anesthesiologists. Research data collection was obtained from interviews, checklist data, observation and viewing medical records. The results of the study found that the factors that support the application of the surgical safety checklist are all medical staff who know the order of the series of surgical safety checklists, but sometimes do not document it actively due to the large number of patients, doctors and staff in a hurry, the positive attitude shown by medical personnel is able to work in a team and mutually coordinated manner, and have a high awareness of being committed to saving patients and already have clear regulations. The factors that shape adherence to the application of the surgical safety checklist are the lack of discipline of medical personnel which can be a serious obstacle in the implementation of SSC because it causes a lack of interest in following procedures and lack of motivation to carry out SSC properly, too busy with tasks and find it difficult to pay attention to small details such as SSC, lack of adequate supervision and training, and reduced culture of patient safety.

Introduction: Stroke is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Around 50-85 percent of strokes are due to ischemic cerebral infarction and 7-27 percent to intra-cerebral haemorrhage. Since the incidence of stroke is increasing in our country, the study aims to identify various factors associated with stroke and to assess the mortality in acute stroke patient within five days of admission.Materials and Methods:This was a retro-spective analysis of data on study of 100 newly diagnosed stroke patients admitted in Neurology unit of a tertiary hospital over a period of one year. Approval for the study was taken from the IRB of the hospital prior to data collection. For data collection, a proforma was filled for each newly diagnosed stroke patient after informed consent from patient or his/her guardian with follow-up and treatment in the hospital. Patient were followed for mortality outcome (survival or death) up to five days in-hospital stay. Those stroke patients who had been already treated or presented to emergency room after 72 hours of stroke episode were excluded. The collected data were analysed using SPSS software.Results:Of all consecutive 100 stroke patients; the male to female ratio was 59:41 and the mean age was 63.13 years. Major risk factors found were hypertension, smoking, diabetes, heart diseases. The common presentations were weakness of limbs, dysphagia, impaired-consciousness, gaze disturbances, vomiting, sensory loss and deviation of mouth. Of the 100 stroke patients 44 (44%) were ischaemic and 56 (56%) were haemorrhagic. Among the ischaemic one (2.27%) patient and among haemorrhagic 12 (21.4%) patient died in the hospital. The overall mortality rate was 13% among stroke patients.Conclusion:This study showed 13% overall five days in-hospital mortality in new stroke patients. Mortality among haemorrhagic stroke patients is higher than ischaemic ones.

Introduction: Stroke is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Around 50-85 percent of strokes are due to ischemic cerebral infarction and 7-27 percent to intra-cerebral haemorrhage. Since the incidence of stroke is increasing in our country, the study aims to identify various factors associated with stroke and to assess the mortality in acute stroke patient within five days of admission.Materials and Methods:This was a retro-spective analysis of data on study of 100 newly diagnosed stroke patients admitted in Neurology unit of a tertiary hospital over a period of one year. Approval for the study was taken from the IRB of the hospital prior to data collection. For data collection, a proforma was filled for each newly diagnosed stroke patient after informed consent from patient or his/her guardian with follow-up and treatment in the hospital. Patient were followed for mortality outcome (survival or death) up to five days in-hospital stay. Those stroke patients who had been already treated or presented to emergency room after 72 hours of stroke episode were excluded. The collected data were analysed using SPSS software.Results:Of all consecutive 100 stroke patients; the male to female ratio was 59:41 and the mean age was 63.13 years. Major risk factors found were hypertension, smoking, diabetes, heart diseases. The common presentations were weakness of limbs, dysphagia, impaired-consciousness, gaze disturbances, vomiting, sensory loss and deviation of mouth. Of the 100 stroke patients 44 (44%) were ischaemic and 56 (56%) were haemorrhagic. Among the ischaemic one (2.27%) patient and among haemorrhagic 12 (21.4%) patient died in the hospital. The overall mortality rate was 13% among stroke patients.Conclusion:This study showed 13% overall five days in-hospital mortality in new stroke patients. Mortality among haemorrhagic stroke patients is higher than ischaemic ones.

If someone is interested in cartoon watching then there will be some chances to be relate with specific gravity by changing the value .The main motive of the study was to interconnect cartoon watching with urine specific gravity. Urine specific gravity is the measurement of amount of solutes in the urine. It measures the water and urine density and also gives information on the ability of kidney to concentrate urine. Dehydration, over hydration, heart failure all are the conditions of specific gravity test. Osmolality test are sometimes used to evaluate how the kidneys dilute and concentrate urine. There were about 100 students involved in this research. All of them were the students of Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan. They were between the ages of 19-22. They shared their point of views about the affection and distest of cartoon watching.

Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana holds significant importance within Ayurveda as it involves the preparation of medicines to address various ailments. Ayurveda utilizes diverse formulations, incorporating both herbal and mineral elements, either in isolation or in combination, for healing purposes. Sharangadhar Samhita, an Ayurvedic text, elucidates the concept of these formulations.Among the essential preparations, Sandhan Kalpana, which involves biomedical fermented formulations, plays a crucial role in treating a wide range of diseases and promoting overall health. The process of Sandhan entails combining liquid substances such as Kwath, Swarasa, and other liquid preparations, along with sweetening agents like jaggery, honey, or sugar, as well as praksepa dravya (fine powder of medicinal drugs) and Sandhan dravya (fermentation agents like Dhakti Pushpa and Madhuka pushpa). The mixture is then placed in a mud pot or inert vessel for a specific period, facilitating the fermentation process. Sandhan kalpana, being an essential Ayurvedic remedy, is commonly utilized by customers due to its appealing taste, fast-acting nature, easy administration, extended shelf life, and convenient preparation. It serves not only as an effective treatment for various ailments but also as a beneficial appetizer.

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of diseases involving progressive degeneration of photoreceptor cells of retina. Usually, it starts in mid periphery and advancing towards the macula and fovea centralis. Visual symptoms are nyctalopia (night blindness), tubular vision and reduced visual field. The symptoms of RP mostly starts on early teen age and sever visual loss occurs at ages of 40 to 50 years. RP has worldwide prevalence of 1:3000 to 1:7000 people.In the present article we are discussing regarding the role of Tarpana Chikitsa and its importance in management of vata pitta netrarogas

If someone is liking pigeons as pets may be due to their peaceful, intelligent, effortless, friendly, and loving nature. The closeness of nitrites in pee most by and large suggests there's a bacterial ailment in your urinary tract. It the normally known as a urinary infection. In the urinary tract, UTIs occur, including your bladder, kidney, and urethra. Frightful minuscule living beings detect their system in the urinary tract and reproduce swiftly. A couple of sorts of microorganisms have an aggravation that changes over NO3 into nitrites. This is the cause closeness of nitrites in your pee is a pointer that you may have a UTI.

It has been observed that students of a BZU who are using mobile phones have some diseases. For example sleep disorders, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder,anxiety and blood in urine.During the break down of red blood cell the yellowish substance is produced that is called as bilirubin. It helps in body digestion. Total 100 students were practiced this practice. They all were belonged to Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan. They all were in the age of 20-22 years. A questionnaire was prepared about the use of mobile phone and then checked their urine bilirubin value level in body.

Purpose: The objective of this research is to assess the viability of the construction of toll road infrastructure through public funds in the case of the construction of ABC street toll road, as well as to analyze the development of ABC road toll road, whether it is favorable or unfavorable to the community. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research was conducted using a mixed approach of qualitative and quantitative methods with concurrent or simultaneous designs. In this method, researchers combine quantitative and qualitative data at a time and then integrate information into the interpretation of results to provide a comprehensive analysis of research at the PT. ABC. Findings: The results of this study show that the calculation of the NPV of the construction of ABC street toll roads yields a value > 0, thus the development of this toll road infrastructure is worthy of a net present value (NPV). The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of the construction of ABC street toll roads is 10% > the Social Discount Rate (SDR), thus building the ABC road toll is worthy, which in this study uses a discount rate of 9%. The value of the benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of the construction of this toll road is > 1, so the construction is worthwhile.

Ashmari (urinary stones) is the condition in which there is formation of a substance like stone. [4] Mutrashmari (urinary stone) is one among the Ashtamahagada (eight fatal conditions). [2] It is considered difficult to cure because of its Marma Ashrayatwa due to involvement of Basti, which is one of the Tri Marma (three vital parts), being the Vyakta Sthana. [3] It is Kapha predominance Tridoshaja Vyadhi.[4] As per the clinical features, it is compared to urolithiasis. It is the formation of stony concretions in the bladder and urinary system. It is the common diseases of Mutravaha strotas (urinary tract) that occur due to disequilibrium between stone inhibiting and promoting factors in the urinary system. [5] Ayurveda states that Mutrashamari is Kapha dominant Vyadhi. Specific dosha dominant prakriti are more prone to that specific dosha dominant vyadhi. It has been said that certain Prakriti individuals are liable or prone for certain disease. Symptoms of Mutrashmari can lead to various urological complications. Formation of Urine is based upon dietary factors that is, diet according to prakriti can have specific effect on Mutrashmari. Therefore, specific dosha dominant Ahaar Vihaara can cause specific dosha dominant disease and can lead to serious complications. [1] The probability of disease manifestation in relation with specific prakriti needed to be practically observed and understood. By knowing the prakriti one will know about the strength of person to combat with diseases as person having equilibrium in prakriti is said to be having best immunity and strength. [1] Hence the present work an attempt has been made to elaborate the relation of Mutrashmari with Deh-Prakriti.

Ashraya Ashrayi Bhava deals with the interdependency of Dosha, Dhatu and Mala. If Dosha get vitiated they will vitiate Dhatu and Mala and cause wide array of diseases i.e. when Pitta and Kapha increases or decreases respective Dhatu will also increase or decrease but the exception is Vata and Asthi. Vata and Asthi are inversely proportional i.e. when Vata aggravates the Asthi dhatu decreases and vice versa. As Vata is located in Asthi, due to its lightness, Vata keeps the bone light. Bones are basically made up of Prithvi Mahabhuta (earth element) Vata dosha located in this earthy bone keeps the interior of the bone porous and light. So when due to any reasons Asthi’s porosity increases i.e. when Asthikshaya happens in the body simultaneously Vatavriddhi also occurs. Asthikshaya may be compared to osteoporosis, in which there is decrease in bone mass and leading to increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fractures. Osteoporosis is often referred to as 'silent disease', because bone loss occurs without symptoms. Measuring the bone mineral density remains the only important tool in the early diagnosis of Osteoporosis; so that the effective, preventive and therapeutic measures can be initiated. According to Ayurveda, classical signs and symptoms of Vatavriddhi incudes Anidrata (insomnia), that means Asthikhaya indirectly hampers quality of sleep (Nidra). Hence foresight of this study is to focus on sleep quality of patient during doing treatment of any Vatavyadhi.

Ayurveda aims to cure the diseases that caused by any change in the vitals. Vata, Pitta and Kapha are the main vitals according to the Ayurveda. These are having the great power to maintain the healthy environment within the body or to shake up the balance and turn the condition into the diseased one. Vata, Pitta and Kapha are the main ingredients in evolution of the universe as well as body. These three basic fundaments are responsible for the characteristics of the person. The personalities are explained as prakriti in Ayurveda. The composition of dosha in prakriti formation has role in the person's physical appearance and mental behavior.Among the Saptha Dhatus the Ashti Dhatu is the one which is consecrated with the function of Shareera Dharana. Asthi Dhatu is the Dhatu which gives a profile to the body and protects the imperative organs. Asthi dhatu which has the function of dharana. Carrying the weight of body is directly related with the principle of Dosha Vata. Being the principle seat of Vata dominance in pathology any dearrangements in Asthi dhatu leads to different kinds of diseases. The Asthi dhatu is considered as the Aashraya of Vata because of its Kharatwa (hardness) due to Prithvi Mahabhuta and Vata is Sushir (porous) because of its Aakash Mahabhuta. So, if there is Vata Vruddhi that will lead to Sushirta in Asthi dhatu causing Asthi Kshaya. So it is important to clinically evaluate the features of Asthidhatu Kshaya as the beginning signs of osteoporosis/ osteopenia.

The concept of bioavailability enhancer is new to the modern system of medicine. Basically, this concept originated in Ayurveda and being used in this system of medicine since centuries. Bio-enhancers augment the bioavailability or biological activity of drugs when co-administered with principal drug at low doses. Finally the paper discuss on the role of pharmacokinetics and regulatory requirements for investigational drug approval.

The resistance power and immunity together are manifested by the Ojas component which is present throughout the body i.e., Sarbasharirvyapi. Oja is the essence of all the Dhatus and is responsible to protect the body. In different classical Ayurvedic texts Oja has been described elaborately with its type, site, quantity, function, and derangement etiology. Ojas is responsible consciousness, purity in thoughts, health, positivity in feelings in every situation, better immunity, longevity, intelligence and memory. According to Ayurveda, Ojas is one of most important element for maintains and sustaining of life. All human beings are well nourished by Ojas and its decrease leads to the cessation of life. Though Ojas is located in the Hridya (heart), it pervades all over the body. It controls or regulates the whole working system of the body. The qualitative Ojas initiate the contentment, nourishment of the body and increase strength in terms of physical, mental, immunological of the body. Various authors have mentioned the concept of Ojas in their way but it is a bit difficult to define Ojas as per modern.